The Covenant · Part 5 of 5 — Final
Series Finale — The Covenant — Five investigations complete · Parts 1 through 5 now live
The Covenant · Part 5 of 5 · Series Finale
First Presidency Handbook · Church General Handbook · Salt Lake Tribune · PBS Documentary Record · Primary Sources

The Exit:
What Leaving Costs

Leaving the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints does not cost a signature on a piece of paper. It can cost your eternal marriage. It can cost your children’s sealing to you in the afterlife. It can cost your job if you work at BYU. It can cost your entire social world. The system does not need a nondisclosure agreement. It does not need to make explicit threats. It only needs you to understand what you stand to lose — and to believe that the loss is real.

By R. Connell · Red String Investigation Series conclusion

What the Series Documents

This series began in a bishop’s office in Arizona in 2010. Paul Adams confessed to his bishop that he was raping his five-year-old daughter. The bishop called the helpline. The helpline routed the call to Kirton McConkie. Kirton McConkie told the bishop not to report. The advice was legally wrong. Adams continued for seven more years. A second daughter’s abuse began when she was six weeks old.

Part 2 documented the money: a $100 billion fund hidden from the SEC for 22 years through 13 shell LLCs, a $5 million fine, and abuse settlements drawn from tithing. Part 3 documented the legislator who took the first Adams call and simultaneously held a seat in the Utah House, opposing every bill to change the law that protected the advice he had given. Part 4 documented the interview room where this architecture touches children directly — and the man who asked for it to stop was removed from the church.

Part 5 is the question that holds all four together: why doesn’t everyone speak? The answer is not that people don’t know. The answer is that the architecture of the church is designed so that speaking has a cost that most people cannot afford to pay.

The Ward as Total Community

The ward is the foundational social unit of LDS life. It is geographically defined — members are assigned to the ward that covers their home address. It is not optional. Within the ward, the church provides — and expects to provide — not just religious observance but the full infrastructure of community life: social events, childcare networks, employment assistance, crisis support, grief care, meals after illness or birth, youth programs, and weekly in-person contact through Sunday meetings that often run three hours.

The Brigham Young University Religious Studies Center describes the ward’s explicit purpose: to provide “every member the opportunity to find fellowship with the Saints and give service to others” — and to assist ward members with “temporal needs, such as searching for employment.” The ward does not merely manage spiritual life. It manages material life. It is the social safety net for its members. This is its design.

Before 2012, the church operated a monthly system of “home teaching” and “visiting teaching” — assigned pairs of members who visited every household in the ward each month. The ostensible purpose was pastoral care. The structural effect was a system of regular, documented, leader-reviewed contact with every household. A member who was absent, struggling, or doubting would be visited. Their situation would be reported back. The bishop would know.

The ward is also, for members in heavily LDS communities — particularly in Utah, Idaho, and parts of Arizona and Nevada — the totality of the social world. Friendships form within the ward. Marriages are arranged within the ward culture. Business referrals flow between members. When you are at church three hours every Sunday plus weeknight activities plus service commitments plus leadership callings, and when your children’s friends are the children of other ward members, and when your parents and siblings and in-laws are members of the same faith — the ward is not one part of your life. It is your life.

The Cost Inventory

The following is not a list of threats. The church does not make explicit threats. The following is a documentation of what the church’s own published policies, doctrines, and practices determine to be the cost of leaving or speaking out. Each item is drawn from church documents, official church guidance, or documented practice.

Cost Inventory — Leaving or Opposing the LDS Church
Documented per church policy, official handbook, and practice — not a list of explicit threats
01
Temple Access
Revoked immediately upon withdrawal of membership or formal membership restriction. Required for temple marriage, proxy baptism, endowment ordinances, and mission service. Temple recommend requires: full tithe payment, bishop’s approval, worthiness interview.
Source: Church General Handbook, Section 26; MormonWiki temple recommend documentation
Certain
02
Eternal Marriage Sealing
Temple sealings between spouses are suspended upon excommunication (now termed “withdrawal of membership”). The sealing — the covenant that binds a marriage for eternity, not just for mortality — is the central sacramental act of LDS theology. Losing it is not a procedural matter. It is an existential one for believing members.
Source: PBS LDS documentary record; Church excommunication doctrine per FAIR; Wikipedia excommunication documentation
Certain
03
Family Sealing to Children
Temple sealings to children are likewise suspended. In LDS theology, families are sealed together across mortality into the celestial kingdom. A member who leaves — particularly one who was sealed in a temple — is not merely exiting a church. They are, in the doctrinal framework their family still inhabits, breaking the chain that holds the family together after death.
Source: PBS LDS documentary; Church excommunication policy; FAIR documentation of excommunication consequences
Certain
04
BYU Employment
Temple recommend required for employment at Brigham Young University for faculty and staff — a policy that took hold in the 1990s. A member who loses temple recommend status loses their job. A member who publicly opposes the church may trigger a membership council. The bishop who issues the recommend is the same bishop the employee may need to counsel about employment concerns. The conflict of interest is documented by BYU faculty.
Source: Salt Lake Tribune reporting March 2018; By Common Consent faculty analysis; BYU honor code documentation
Certain
05
Church Employment
Temple recommend required for all church workers, not just BYU. This includes employees of LDS Church-affiliated businesses, church administrative staff, and related organizations. Loss of membership or restrict status means loss of employment.
Source: Salt Lake Tribune March 2018; BYU Studies and church employment policy documentation
Certain
06
Ward Social Network
Dissolution of primary social relationships for members in LDS-majority communities. In Utah, Idaho, and other high-density LDS areas, the ward is the community. Leaving the church is leaving the social world. Members who have been shunned after leaving describe the experience as the simultaneous loss of every friendship, social obligation, and communal identity they had built.
Source: Recovery from Mormonism forum documentation; exmormon.org community accounts; PBS documentary record
Likely
07
Family Relationships
For members from multi-generational LDS families, leaving triggers family rupture. Parents who believe in eternal sealing doctrine understand a child leaving the church as a theological severing of the family unit. The social pressure from family is not calculated coercion — it is sincere doctrinal grief, expressed through the full weight of the family relationship.
Source: Recovery from Mormonism accounts; CNN reporting on LDS family dynamics; community documentation
Likely
08
Mission Service Record
Cannot serve a mission without an active temple recommend. Returned missionaries who lose membership lose their status within the community identity that mission service confers — a significant marker of adult standing in LDS culture.
Source: Church General Handbook Section 26 — temple recommend requirements for missionaries
Certain
09
Spiritual Standing
Excommunication (withdrawal of membership) is described in church doctrine as the suspension of all saving ordinances — baptism, endowment, sealing — and their associated covenants. For a believing member, or for the believing family of a member who leaves, this is understood as a genuine threat to eternal salvation. This is not metaphorical. It is the literal doctrinal consequence.
Source: FAIR documentation of excommunication consequences; Church disciplinary council purpose statements; Elder Ballard Ensign 1990
Certain

Read together, the cost inventory is a description of total institutional capture. The church controls access to the afterlife (through ordinances), access to family in the afterlife (through sealings), access to your social world (through the ward), access to your employment (through the temple recommend), and access to your own identity (through mission, temple, priesthood, calling). Leaving requires exiting all of it simultaneously.

The Temple Recommend as Control Mechanism

The temple recommend is a document the size of a credit card, bearing the signatures of the member, a member of the bishopric, and a member of the stake presidency. It is renewed every two years. It is required for temple marriage, mission service, proxy ordinance work, and — for BYU and church employees — continued employment. It is obtained through an interview with the bishop.

The interview covers: tithing payment, adherence to the Word of Wisdom (no alcohol, tobacco, coffee, or tea), sexual conduct, support of church leadership, and the absence of affiliation with teachings contrary to church doctrine. A member who doubts, who questions publicly, or who is known to associate with critical perspectives can fail a temple recommend interview. A member who stops paying tithing automatically forfeits the recommend at next renewal.

The Church of Jesus Christ’s official position is that tithing is a commandment, and that the temple recommend is not a mechanism of economic control but a certification of covenant faithfulness. The Salt Lake Tribune documented the alternate view in 2018: that tithing is effectively a condition of salvation, noting that LDS Apostle Marion G. Romney once stated members could “earn a place in the presence of our Father in Heaven” by “observing faithfully, day by day, and year by year, the law of tithing.” The transcript of the interview contains the question: “Do you pay a full tithe?” There is no correct answer that does not involve ongoing financial transfer to the institution.

What the Temple Sealing Governs
Status comparison — active member vs. excommunicated/withdrawn member — per church doctrine
Active Member — Full Standing
Marriage sealed in temple (eternal covenant, not just mortality)
Children sealed to parents — eternal family unit intact
Temple access for ordinances, proxy work, endowment
Mission eligibility
BYU and church employment eligibility
Full ward participation, callings, sacrament
Celestial kingdom eligibility (per doctrine)
Excommunicated / Membership Withdrawn
Marital sealing suspended
Sealings to children suspended
Temple access revoked
Mission ineligible
BYU and church employment at risk
Cannot pray, speak, or teach at ward meetings
Celestial kingdom eligibility suspended pending reinstatement

Why There Is No NDA

Every major institution that suppresses accountability — corporations, churches, governments — has a mechanism for discouraging disclosure. The Catholic Church used confidential settlements. Other organizations use nondisclosure agreements, arbitration clauses, and relocation packages with conditions. The LDS Church uses none of these as its primary tool, and it does not need to.

The mechanism is architectural, not contractual. When a member understands — as they are taught from childhood — that eternal salvation, family continuity after death, marriage permanence, community belonging, and in some cases employment all flow through the institution and can all be revoked by the institution — silence does not require enforcement. It is the rational response to the incentive structure in which the member lives.

This is not unique to the LDS Church. It is a structural feature of any institution that controls access to something the subject believes to be both real and irreplaceable. What is distinct about the LDS case, and what this series has documented, is the degree to which the architecture is layered: legal (helpline and attorney-client privilege), financial (Ensign Peak and the SEC exemptions), legislative (the clergy-penitent privilege and the lawmakers who maintained it), institutional (the interview room and the training gap), and social (the ward and the sealing doctrine). Each layer reinforces the others. Each layer makes speaking more costly.

Sam Young organized a hunger strike, delivered 3,000 accounts to church headquarters, gathered 22,000 signatures, and generated national news coverage. He was excommunicated. The children of Paul Adams filed a lawsuit documenting seven years of abuse that helpline lawyers had been informed about. The court dismissed the case on privilege grounds. David Nielsen filed a 90-page memo with the Senate Finance Committee alleging systematic financial fraud. The IRS investigation remains unresolved as of 2026. The victims in West Virginia settled for $32 million; the record-destruction policy continued. The outcomes are not a series of failures. They are documentation of a system working as designed.

“I believe you have people who have been traumatized on a wide scale, spiritually traumatized. People are submitting themselves to this practice, and they can’t speak up about it because there is so much on the line.”

Former LDS member, now candidate for Lutheran ordination — CNN, September 2018

The Architecture, Complete

The five parts of this series document a single system from five entry points. The system is not a conspiracy in the sense of a planned, coordinated deception. It is an architecture — a set of reinforcing structures that, together, produce outcomes that none of them produce alone. Mapping those structures is what this series has tried to do.

The Covenant — Five-Part Architecture
How the five elements document a single system — each layer reinforces the others
1. The Helpline
Abuse disclosures routed to the church’s own law firm under attorney-client privilege. Record destruction policy. The legal layer that turns disclosure into confidential communication.
2. The Money
$100B+ fund hidden for 22 years. Abuse settlements paid from tithing. The financial layer that insulates the institution from the cost of its own decisions.
3. The Legislature
The helpline attorney held a legislative seat and fought to protect the privilege that made his advice legal. The political layer that controls the legal environment.
4. The Interview Room
Untrained adults, closed doors, children from age 12. Sexually explicit questions without standardized limits. The cultural layer that normalizes the system for those who grow up inside it.
⸻   All four layers are held in place by Layer 5   ⸻
5. The Exit — The Social Architecture of Silence
When leaving costs your eternal marriage, your children’s sealing to you in the afterlife, your social world, your employment, and your family — the system does not need to threaten you. It just needs you to understand what you stand to lose. The silence that follows is not cowardice. It is a rational calculation inside an architecture designed to make the calculation come out this way.

What Remains Open

This series documents what is on the public record. There is more that is not. The helpline’s daily record destruction means that the number of calls like Bishop Herrod’s will never be known. The Ensign Peak fund’s total disbursements to abuse settlements have not been publicly disclosed. The IRS investigation into David Nielsen’s whistleblower complaint remains unresolved. The Adams case was dismissed; the appeal, if pursued, remains in the legal system. The Senate Finance Committee inquiry into the church’s finances produced no legislative action as of this publication.

What is publicly established, and what this series has documented from primary sources only, is the following: a system existed in which child abuse was routed away from law enforcement through a law firm; in which the fund paying for settlements was hidden from federal regulators; in which the attorney routing disclosures also held legislative power over the laws governing disclosure; in which children as young as twelve were questioned alone by untrained adults on sexual conduct; and in which the person who organized the largest public campaign against that last practice was removed from the church, with the decision upheld by its highest governing body.

These are not allegations. Each is sourced to a court filing, a federal enforcement action, a Senate Finance Committee memo, a First Presidency policy letter, or a formal disciplinary record. The architecture did not produce these outcomes despite the church’s intentions. The architecture produced these outcomes in service of them.

◆ Series Statement

Every factual claim in this five-part series is sourced to court records, federal enforcement orders, deposition transcripts, legislative records, official church documents, or AP investigation findings. This series makes no claims that are not supported by those primary sources. The interpretation — that these elements form a coherent architecture of institutional protection — is ours.

📁 Red String Investigation — Complete
The Covenant
Five investigations into the institutional architecture of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. All five parts now published.
1
Abuse disclosures routed through the church’s own law firm — not police. Record destruction. Bishop Herrod and Paul Adams.
✓ Published
2
$100B+ hidden for 22 years, $5M SEC fine, abuse settlements paid from tithing.
✓ Published
3
Merrill Nelson: helpline attorney and Utah state legislator simultaneously. He took the Adams call. He opposed every bill to change the law.
✓ Published
4
Age 12. Closed door. Untrained adult. Sexually explicit questions. 22,000 signatures demanded it stop. The organizer was excommunicated.
✓ Published
5
The Exit
Eternal marriage. Family sealings. Employment. Social world. The system does not need a threat. It just needs you to understand what you stand to lose.
● You Are Here — Series Complete
Primary Sources — Part 5
[1]
Church General Handbook, Section 26 — Temple Recommends. churchofjesuschrist.org. Lists all temple recommend questions, including tithing, word of wisdom, sexual conduct, and support of leadership. Establishes age 12 minimum. Documents two-signature requirement (bishop + stake president).
[2]
Salt Lake Tribune, March 26, 2018. “Does tithing requirement for entry into LDS temples amount to Mormons buying their way into heaven?” Documents BYU employment temple recommend requirement (1990s); quotes LDS Apostle Marion G. Romney on tithing and eternal reward; quotes University of Utah historian on LDS financial belonging.
[3]
PBS Documentary Record — The Mormons, FAQ: Dissent/Excommunication/Controversies. pbs.org/mormons. Documents excommunication consequences: removal from records, suspension of temple sealings to spouse and children, loss of ordinances. Establishes historical pattern of discipline for intellectual dissent.
[4]
FAIR Latter-day Saints — Mormonism and Church Discipline. fairlatterdaysaints.org. Official Mormon apologetics documentation of excommunication consequences: temple garment, sacrament, callings, temple access, tithing eligibility. Establishes doctrine of suspension vs. permanent severance.
[5]
BYU Religious Studies Center — Ward Organization. rsc.byu.edu. Establishes ward as provider of employment assistance, social activities, crisis support, home visiting. Documents the ward as both spiritual and temporal community infrastructure.
[6]
By Common Consent, December 2016. “Why Require a Temple Recommend for Church Employment?” BYU faculty analysis of conflict of interest between bishop as pastoral authority and bishop as employment gatekeeper. Documents “tattle tale culture” concerns at BYU.
[7]
Wikipedia — Excommunication. LDS Church section. Documents suspension of marital and family sealings; formal membership restriction consequences; temple garment, sacrament, prayer, and teaching prohibitions. Documents 2020 terminology change (excommunication → “withdrawal of membership”; disfellowship → “formal membership restrictions”).
[8]
Recovery from Mormonism (exmormon.org). Community documentation of exit costs. Establishes that shunning in LDS context differs from most Christian denominations in scope and social depth due to ward-as-total-community structure.
[9]
Church News (thechurchnews.com), January 2024. Confirms official 2020 terminology change: “disfellowship” → “formal membership restrictions”; “excommunication” → “withdrawal of membership.” Notes: “Disfellowship connotes shunning and withholding fellowship, which is contrary to the intent of the action taken.”
[10]
CNN, September 2018. LDS theology scholar on incompatibility of “worthiness” construct with Christian grace doctrine; on scale of spiritual trauma. “People can’t speak up about it because there is so much on the line.”
METHODOLOGY & LEGAL NOTE
This investigation is based exclusively on primary sources cited within the article: court records, government documents, official filings, peer-reviewed research, and named expert testimony. Factual claims reflect what those cited sources establish. Where findings are disputed or unresolved, those disputes are noted. Characterizations represent the documented record, not conclusions beyond it. Red String is an independent investigative publication. Corrections: [email protected]  ·  Editorial Standards